![]() ![]() This beam was deflected toward the positive charge and away from the negative charge, and was produced in the same way with identical properties when different metals were used for the electrodes. When high voltage was applied across the electrodes, a visible beam called a cathode ray appeared between them. This apparatus consisted of a sealed glass tube from which almost all the air had been removed the tube contained two metal electrodes. If matter were composed of atoms, what were atoms composed of? Were they the smallest particles, or was there something smaller? In the late 1800s, a number of scientists interested in questions like these investigated the electrical discharges that could be produced in low-pressure gases, with the most significant discovery made by English physicist J. Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination CompoundsĪldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and EstersĪtomic Theory after the Nineteenth Century Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their CompoundsĬoordination Chemistry of Transition Metals Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens ![]() Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle ![]() Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law Periodic Variations in Element Properties Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Resultsĭetermining Empirical and Molecular FormulasĮlectronic Structure and Periodic Properties of ElementsĮlectronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations) Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision ![]()
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